Which is the type of contact that is a full seizure justified by evidence?

• A. Consensual contact
• B. Investigative detention
• C. Arrest
• D. Traffic stop

Answer: (C)

A full seizure is arrest, because it involves taking a person into custody and depriving them of liberty based on probable cause supported by evidence. When officers have enough facts and evidence to believe a crime has been or is being committed, they can justify detaining and securing the person in custody as an arrest. This is more invasive than other forms of contact.

Consensual contact is voluntary talk with no restraint; the person is free to leave, so it isn’t a seizure. Investigative detention is a temporary stop based on reasonable suspicion—a limited seizure intended to investigate, not to take the person into custody. A traffic stop is a specific type of investigative detention tied to a traffic violation or reasonable suspicion, and it remains a temporary restraint rather than a full arrest.