Which statement about §1983 and federal agents is true?

• A. §1983 provides remedies against all federal actors
• B. Federal agents are not subject to §1983 because they act under color of federal law
• C. §1983 applies to federal agents who act under state law
• D. §1983 applies to private individuals only

Answer: (B)

The main idea is that §1983 is a remedy for civil rights violations by state and local actors acting under color of state law. Federal agents operate under federal law, not state law, so §1983 does not apply to them. When a federal officer violates a constitutional right, the typical path is a Bivens action against the officer (and, in some situations, other federal remedies like the FTCA against the United States). That’s why the statement that federal agents are not subject to §1983 because they act under color of federal law is the correct one. The other choices misstate the scope of §1983: it is not aimed at federal actors, and it is not limited to private individuals.